Ssh Key Generation Use Linux

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Overview

Generating an SSH Key Pair on UNIX and UNIX-Like Platforms Using the ssh-keygen Utility UNIX and UNIX-like platforms (including Solaris and Linux) include the ssh-keygen utility to generate SSH key pairs. Installing the Public Key as an Authorized Key on a Server. With both Tectia SSH and OpenSSH servers, access to an account is configured by generating a public key, copying the public key to the server, and adding the public key to a /.ssh/authorizedkeys file. To extract the public key, use: puttygen -L keyfile.ppk. Using OpenSSH to generate a key pair. Now continue on your own computer if you are using Linux or any other OS that has OpenSSH. PuTTY users should skip to the next section. Generate a new key pair in a terminal with the next command ssh-keygen -t rsa. The key generator will ask for location and file name to which the key is saved to.

Nowadays many Linux based servers make use of SSH protocol to tighten its security. A notable part of the SSH protocol is its authentication key pair which is used to identify and authorize users. So, this article demonstrates what are they, how to generate them, and how to utilize them to protect the server, and other relevant information.

Automate Schedule allows secure file transfer protocol (SFTP) using public/private key encryption instead of a username/password combination. To use this feature, you must create secure shell (SSH) keys that can be used by the SFTP client on the Automate Schedule agent.

Ssh Key Generation Use Linux

Automate Schedule requires that private SSH keys be stored in OpenSSH (OpenBSD secure shell) format. On Windows, you can use PuTTYgen (www.putty.org) to generate the keys in the proper format. On UNIX and Linux, you can use ssh-keygen from OpenSSH (www.openssh.com). The following sections describe how to generate the SSH keys.

Windows

If you're currently using PuTTY for SFTP transfers from your Windows system, the auxiliary program, PuTTYgen, can be used to convert an existing key (that's saved in .ppk format) for use with Automate Schedule. Or PuTTYgen can be used to create a new key.

To convert an existing .ppk key to be compatible with Automate Schedule:

  1. Open PuTTYgen (PuTTY Key Generator).
  2. Click Load.
  3. Select your existing .ppk file and click Open.
  4. After the key is loaded, select Conversions > Export OpenSSH Key. This saves the private key to the correct file format for use with Automate Schedule.
  5. If there is a warning about saving without a passphrase, click Yes.
  6. Save the OpenSSH key in a location that can be accessed by the Automate Schedule jobs that will be using the key. A typical location for storing private keys like this would be in the user's home directory inside an .ssh directory. For example: 'c:usersmyuser.sshid_rsa'.
  7. Close PuTTYgen.
  8. When creating or editing a file transfer system object in Automate Schedule, select SFTP as the Protocol, select an Authentication Type of Public/Private Key, and reference the private key you just converted in the Private Key File Path on Agent. See the help on creating file transfer systems in Automate Schedule for more information.

To generate a new key that's compatible with Automate Schedule:

  1. Open PuTTYgen (PuTTY Key Generator).
  2. Select SSH-2 RSA in the Parameters section at the bottom of the page. Set the Number of bits in a generated key to '2048'.
  3. Click Generate. Move your mouse over the blank area in PuTTYgen to generate randomness for the key generation. The progress bar moves as you're moving the mouse.
    After the key is generated, the public part of the key is displayed under Public key for pasting into authorized_keys file. This can be copied and pasted to the correct file on the server or copied and pasted into a text file that can be moved to the SSH server system.
  4. Type a Key comment, if you want to save one with the new key.
  5. Optionally, type a Key passpharase. Type it again to confirm it.
  6. Select Conversions > Export OpenSSH Key. This saves the private key to the correct file format for use with Automate Schedule.
  7. If there's a warning about saving without a passphrase click Yes.
  8. Save the OpenSSH key in a location that can be accessed by the Automate Schedule jobs that will be using the key. A typical location for storing private keys like this would be in the user's home directory inside an .ssh directory. For example, 'c:Usersmyuser.sshid_rsa'.
  9. Close PuTTYgen.
  10. When creating or editing a file transfer system object in Automate Schedule, select SFTP as the Protocol, select an Authentication Type of Public/Private Key, and reference the private key you just converted in the Private Key File Path on Agent. See the help on creating file transfer systems in Automate Schedule for more information.

UNIX/Linux

Ssh Key Generation For Linux

UNIX and Linux users can use the OpenSSH program ssh-keygen to generate private/public keys. Private keys created by ssh-keygen can also be used on Automate Schedule Windows agents with no modification.

To generate a new key that is compatible with Automate Schedule:

  1. As the user who will be issuing SFTP requests from an Automate Schedule job on an agent, run the following command:
    ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048 -f /home/myuser/.ssh/mykey
    In this example, the private key will be stored in /home/myuser/.ssh/mykey and the public key will be stored in /home/myuser/.ssh/mykey.pub.
  2. Optionally set a passphrase during key generation.
  3. When creating or editing a file transfer system object in Automate Schedule, select SFTP as the Protocol, select an Authentication Type of Public/Private Key, and reference the private key you just converted in the Private Key File Path on Agent. See the help on creating file transfer systems in Automate Schedule for more information.
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This article describes ways to generate and use secure shell (SSH) keys on a Windows computer to create and connect to a Linux virtual machine (VM) in Azure. To use SSH keys from a Linux or macOS client, see the quick or detailed guidance.

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Overview of SSH and keys

SSH is an encrypted connection protocol that allows secure sign-ins over unsecured connections. SSH is the default connection protocol for Linux VMs hosted in Azure. Although SSH itself provides an encrypted connection, using passwords with SSH connections still leaves the VM vulnerable to brute-force attacks or guessing of passwords. A more secure and preferred method of connecting to a VM using SSH is by using a public-private key pair, also known as SSH keys.

  • The public key is placed on your Linux VM, or any other service that you wish to use with public-key cryptography.

  • The private key remains on your local system. Protect this private key. Do not share it.

When you use an SSH client to connect to your Linux VM (which has the public key), the remote VM tests the client to make sure it possesses the private key. If the client has the private key, it's granted access to the VM.

Depending on your organization's security policies, you can reuse a single public-private key pair to access multiple Azure VMs and services. You do not need a separate pair of keys for each VM or service you wish to access.

Linux How To Share Ssh Keys

Your public key can be shared with anyone, but only you (or your local security infrastructure) should possess your private key.

Ssh Key Generation Use Linux Free

Supported SSH key formats

Azure currently supports SSH protocol 2 (SSH-2) RSA public-private key pairs with a minimum length of 2048 bits. Other key formats such as ED25519 and ECDSA are not supported.

Windows packages and SSH clients

You connect to and manage Linux VMs in Azure using an SSH client. Computers running Linux or macOS usually have a suite of SSH commands to generate and manage SSH keys and to make SSH connections.

Windows computers do not always have comparable SSH commands installed. Recent versions of Windows 10 provide OpenSSH client commands to create and manage SSH keys and make SSH connections from a command prompt. Recent Windows 10 versions also include the Windows Subsystem for Linux to run and access utilities such as an SSH client natively within a Bash shell.

Other common Windows SSH clients you can install locally are included in the following packages:

You can also use the SSH utilities available in Bash in the Azure Cloud Shell.

  • Access Cloud Shell in your web browser at https://shell.azure.com or in the Azure portal.
  • Access Cloud Shell as a terminal from within Visual Studio Code by installing the Azure Account extension.

Create an SSH key pair

The following sections describe two options to create an SSH key pair on Windows. You can use a shell command (ssh-keygen) or a GUI tool (PuTTYgen). Also note, when using Powershell to create a key, upload the public key as ssh.com(SECSH) format. When using CLI, convert the key into OpenSSH format prior to uploading.

Create SSH keys with ssh-keygen

If you run a command shell on Windows that supports SSH client tools (or you use Azure Cloud Shell), create an SSH key pair using the ssh-keygen command. Type the following command, and answer the prompts. If an SSH key pair exists in the chosen location, those files are overwritten.

For more background and information, see the quick or detailed steps to create SSH keys using ssh-keygen.

Create SSH keys with PuTTYgen

If you prefer to use a GUI-based tool to create SSH keys, you can use the PuTTYgen key generator, included with the PuTTY download package.

Ssh Key Generation Use Linux Download

To create an SSH RSA key pair with PuTTYgen:

  1. Start PuTTYgen.

  2. Click Generate. By default PuTTYgen generates a 2048-bit SSH-2 RSA key.

  3. Move the mouse around in the blank area to provide randomness for the key.

  4. After the public key is generated, optionally enter and confirm a passphrase. You will be prompted for the passphrase when you authenticate to the VM with your private SSH key. Without a passphrase, if someone obtains your private key, they can sign in to any VM or service that uses that key. We recommend you create a passphrase. However, if you forget the passphrase, there is no way to recover it.

  5. The public key is displayed at the top of the window. You can copy this entire public key and then paste it into the Azure portal or an Azure Resource Manager template when you create a Linux VM. You can also select Save public key to save a copy to your computer:

  6. Optionally, to save the private key in PuTTy private key format (.ppk file), select Save private key. You will need the .ppk file later to use PuTTY to make an SSH connection to the VM.

    If you want to save the private key in the OpenSSH format, the private key format used by many SSH clients, select Conversions > Export OpenSSH key.

Provide an SSH public key when deploying a VM

To create a Linux VM that uses SSH keys for authentication, provide your SSH public key when creating the VM using the Azure portal or other methods.

The following example shows how you would copy and paste this public key into the Azure portal when you create a Linux VM. The public key is typically then stored in the ~/.ssh/authorized_key directory on your new VM.

Connect to your VM

One way to make an SSH connection to your Linux VM from Windows is to use an SSH client. This is the preferred method if you have an SSH client installed on your Windows system, or if you use the SSH tools in Bash in Azure Cloud Shell. If you prefer a GUI-based tool, you can connect with PuTTY.

Use an SSH client

With the public key deployed on your Azure VM, and the private key on your local system, SSH to your VM using the IP address or DNS name of your VM. Replace azureuser and myvm.westus.cloudapp.azure.com in the following command with the administrator user name and the fully qualified domain name (or IP address):

Ssh Key Generation Aix

If you configured a passphrase when you created your key pair, enter the passphrase when prompted during the sign-in process.

If the VM is using the just-in-time access policy, you need to request access before you can connect to the VM. For more information about the just-in-time policy, see Manage virtual machine access using the just in time policy.

Connect with PuTTY

If you installed the PuTTY download package and previously generated a PuTTY private key (.ppk) file, you can connect to a Linux VM with PuTTY.

Create Ssh Key Linux

  1. Start PuTTy.

  2. Fill in the host name or IP address of your VM from the Azure portal:

  3. Select the Connection > SSH > Auth category. Browse to and select your PuTTY private key (.ppk file):

  4. Click Open to connect to your VM.

Ssh Key Generation Linux

Next steps

  • For detailed steps, options, and advanced examples of working with SSH keys, see Detailed steps to create SSH key pairs.

  • You can also use PowerShell in Azure Cloud Shell to generate SSH keys and make SSH connections to Linux VMs. See the PowerShell quickstart.

  • If you have difficulty using SSH to connect to your Linux VMs, see Troubleshoot SSH connections to an Azure Linux VM.