Generate Sha1 Key For Group Of Files In Windows

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Have you ever needed to generate a MachineKey to use in your application's configuration file or in machine.config? You may need a MachineKey in several scenarios. One of them is the scenario where you deploy your application in a web farm. One another scenario is to need to encrypt Forms Authentication tickets.

You have some options to generate a MachineKey:

  • You can build the sample application from the following article: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/312906
  • You can search in Bing for 'MachineKey generator' and use an online service. Honestly I wouldn't rely on third party online services for generating MachineKey because I wouldn't have any control over them and I couldn't make sure that if they wouldn't log my IP address and MachineKey in a database to use that later - yes, I know it sounds like 'paranoia' 🙂

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There is one another way which I have learned from one of my customers today. It was over there waiting in IIS user interface but I never gave it a try before (shame on me). You can use IIS 7.5 user interface to generate the MachineKey section and save it in the web.config of your application / root web.config file. Steps are quite easy:
2) If you need to generate and save the MachineKey for all your applications select the server name in the left pane, in that case you will be modifying the root web.config file (which is placed in the .NET framework folder). If your intention is to create MachineKey for a specific web site/application then select the web site / application from the left pane. In that case you will be modifying the web.config file of your application.

Oct 22, 2010 Today I will be presenting the direct code sample for generating SHA1 hash using Windows Cryptography functions. Due to various collision problems with MD5 Hash, now a days SHA256 hash is used more extensively for unique identification.

3) Double click the Machine Key icon in ASP.NET settings in the middle pane:
4) MachineKey section will be read from your configuration file and be shown in the UI. If you did not configure a specific MachineKey and it is generated automatically you will see the following options:
5) Now you can click Generate Keys on the right pane to generate random MachineKeys. When you click Apply, all settings will be saved in the web.config file.
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Applies To: Windows Server (Semi-Annual Channel), Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012

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Configures the server principal name for the host or service in active directory Domain Services (AD DS) and generates a .keytab file that contains the shared secret key of the service. The .keytab file is based on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) implementation of the Kerberos authentication protocol. The ktpass command-line tool allows non-Windows services that support Kerberos authentication to use the interoperability features provided by the Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC) service. This topic applies to the operating system versions designated in the Applies To list at the beginning of the topic.

Syntax

Parameters

ParameterDescription
/out Specifies the name of the Kerberos version 5 .keytab file to generate. Note: This is the .keytab file that you transfer to a computer that is not running the Windows operating system, and then replace or merge with your existing .keytab file, /Etc/Krb5.keytab.
/princ Specifies the principal name in the form host/computer.contoso.com@CONTOSO.COM. Warning: This parameter is case sensitive. See remarks for more information.
/mapuser Maps the name of the Kerberos principal, which is specified by the princ parameter, to the specified domain account.
/mapop {add set}Specifies how the mapping attribute is set.

- add adds the value of the specified local user name. This is the default.
- Set sets the value for Data Encryption Standard (DES)-only encryption for the specified local user name.

{- +}desonlyDES-only encryption is set by default.

- + Sets an account for DES-only encryption.
- - Releases restriction on an account for DES-only encryption. IMPORTANT: Beginning with Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 , Windows does not support DES by default.

/in Specifies the .keytab file to read from a host computer that is not running the Windows operating system.
/pass {Password * {- +}rndpass}Specifies a password for the principal user name that is specified by the princ parameter. Use * to prompt for a password.
/minpassSets the minimum length of the random password to 15 characters.
/maxpassSets the maximum length of the random password to 256 characters.
/crypto {DES-CBC-CRC DES-CBC-MD5 RC4-HMAC-NT AES256-SHA1 AES128-SHA1 All}Specifies the keys that are generated in the keytab file:

- DES-CBC-CRC is used for compatibility.
- DES-CBC-MD5 adheres more closely to the MIT implementation and is used for compatibility.
- RC4-HMAC-NT employs 128-bit encryption.
- AES256-SHA1 employs AES256-CTS-HMAC-SHA1-96 encryption.
- AES128-SHA1 employs AES128-CTS-HMAC-SHA1-96 encryption.
- All states that all supported cryptographic types can be used. Note: The default settings are based on older MIT versions. Therefore, /crypto should always be specified.

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/itercountSpecifies the iteration count that is used for AES encryption. The default is that itercount is ignored for non-AES encryption and set at 4,096 for AES encryption.
/ptype {KRB5_NT_PRINCIPAL KRB5_NT_SRV_INST KRB5_NT_SRV_HST}Specifies the principal type.

- KRB5_NT_PRINCIPAL is the general principal type (recommended).
- KRB5_NT_SRV_INST is the user service instance.
- KRB5_NT_SRV_HST is the host service instance.

/kvno Specifies the key version number. The default value is 1.
/answer {- +}Sets the background answer mode:

- Answers reset password prompts automatically with NO.

+ Answers reset password prompts automatically with YES.

/targetSets which domain controller to use. The default is for the domain controller to be detected, based on the principal name. If the domain controller name does not resolve, a dialog box will prompt for a valid domain controller.
/rawsaltforces ktpass to use the rawsalt algorithm when generating the key. This parameter is not needed.
{- +}dumpsaltThe output of this parameter shows the MIT salt algorithm that is being used to generate the key.
{- +}setupnSets the user principal name (UPN) in addition to the service principal name (SPN). The default is to set both in the .keytab file.
{- +}setpass Sets the user's password when supplied. If rndpass is used, a random password is generated instead.
/? /h /helpDisplays command-line help for ktpass.

remarks

Services running on systems that are not running the Windows operating system can be configured with service instance accounts in active directory Domain Services. This allows any Kerberos client to authenticate to services that are not running the Windows operating system by using Windows KDCs.
The /princ parameter is not evaluated by ktpass and is used as provided. There is no check to see if the parameter matches the exact case of the userPrincipalName attribute value when generating the Keytab file. Case sensitive Kerberos distributions using this Keytab file might have problems when there is no exact case match and could fail during pre-authentication. Check and retrieve the correct userPrincipalName attribute value from a LDifDE export file. For example:

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Examples

The following example illustrates how to create a Kerberos .keytab file, machine.keytab, in the current directory for the user Sample1. (You will merge this file with the Krb5.keytab file on a host computer that is not running the Windows operating system.) The Kerberos .keytab file will be created for all supported encryption types for the general principal type.
To generate a .keytab file for a host computer that is not running the Windows operating system, use the following steps to map the principal to the account and set the host principal password:

  1. Use the active directory User and computers snap-in to create a user account for a service on a computer that is not running the Windows operating system. For example, create an account with the name Sample1.

  2. Use ktpass to set up an identity mapping for the user account by typing the following at a command prompt:

    Note

    You cannot map multiple service instances to the same user account.

    Generate crt and key from cer. The format you have been given it is called PEM and unfortunately Windows Certificate Manager can't import that natively (to the best of my knowledge).The quickest way I've found to convert it is to install somewhere and convert the file you have to PKCS#12 format using the following command. What you've been given is a Certificate (the public part, signed by a trusted party) and the associated key (the private part). Your server needs to have both linked together so that protocols like SSLTLS can work properly.In your case you have been given a complete pair, not just the Cert. In simple terms it's the private key that allows your app to sign stuff in a way that the remote party can then validate using the public part, the certificate.

  3. Merge the .keytab file with the /Etc/Krb5.keytab file on a host computer that is not running the Windows operating system.

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Additional References